How long does it take an electron to tunnel?

How long does it take an atom to absorb a photon and loose an electron? And what if not one but many photons are needed for ionization? How much time would absorption of many photons take? These questions lie at the core of attosecond spectroscopy, which aims to resolve electronic motion at its natural time scale. Ionization in strong infrared fields...

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How to flow ultrathin water layers - a liquid flatjet for X-ray spectroscopy

Element-specific x-ray methods play a key role in determining the atomic structure and composition of matter and functional materials. X-ray spectroscopy is sensitive to the oxidation state, the distances, coordination number and species of the atoms immediately surrounding the selected element. A large variety of x-ray spectroscopic techniques have...

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Registration of chemicals: the Belgian register of nanomaterials

Contrary to the general opinion, companies established in Belgium have much more extensive obligations than mere compliance with REACH – the European legislation on registration of chemical substances. Indeed, in Belgium a national register for nanomaterials will enter into force on 1st January 2016....

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