Over billions of years, intricately structured, high-performance natural materials, such as nacre (also known as mother of pearl), have evolved. Nacre has several properties that have been a source of inspiration for biomimetic materials: (a) a “brick and mortar” layered architecture alternatively packed with 95 vol % of two-dimensional (2D) aragonite calcium carbonate platelets, and 5 vol % of one-dimensional (1D) nanofibrillar chitin and protein, and (b) different interface interactions between inorganic platelets and organic protein. In fact, the extraordinary properties of natural nacre are attributed to the synergistic toughening effects from the different building blocks and interface interactions, Although research on artificial nacre first startedmore than 20 years ago, integrated graphene-based artificial nacre is still in its early stages. Work in this area would be greatly enhanced by the synergistic effects of designing interface interactions and combining different building blocks. 
Integrated graphene-based artificial nacre: (a) Natural nacre with a typical micro/nanoscale hierarchical structure supplies the concept for constructing high-performance bioinspired materials. Graphene oxide (GO), with its outstanding physical properties, is one of the best candidates for fabricating bioinspired layered materials. Their many functional surface groups enable interface designs that improve the interfacial strength in the resultant bioinspired composites. Bottom left: The synergistic interfacial interaction is one important approach for constructing integrated graphene-based artificial nacre. Several typical interfacial interactions include hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, π-π interactions, branched polymers, linear molecules and polymers, and three-dimensional (3D) thermosetting resin networks. Bottom right: The use of synergistic building blocks is another way to construct integrated artificial nacre. The other building blocks could be two 2D nanosheets, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), or 1D nanofibers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC). We expect that a breakthrough in graphene-based artificial nacre will be developed through a combination of the synergistic effects of interfacial interactions and building blocks. (© ACS) In new research, reported in a article ("Learning from Nature: Constructing Integrated Graphene-Based Artificial Nacre"), scientists from the Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technolog in Beijing, have demonstrated an integrated graphene-based artificial nacre with isotropic mechanical and electrical properties due to graphene's intrinsic 2D structure, which is superior to nanofiber-reinforced composites. The researchers anticipate near-term breakthroughs in graphene-based artificial nacre for the development of promising applications in many fields, such as aerospace, flexible supercapacitor electrodes, artificial muscles, and tissue engineering. Integrated graphene-based artificial nacre may also be a potential platformfor the design and construction of robust intelligent devices, such as actuators, artificial muscles, and sensors.
Integrated graphene-based artificial nacre: (a) Natural nacre with a typical micro/nanoscale hierarchical structure supplies the concept for constructing high-performance bioinspired materials. Graphene oxide (GO), with its outstanding physical properties, is one of the best candidates for fabricating bioinspired layered materials. Their many functional surface groups enable interface designs that improve the interfacial strength in the resultant bioinspired composites. Bottom left: The synergistic interfacial interaction is one important approach for constructing integrated graphene-based artificial nacre. Several typical interfacial interactions include hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, π-π interactions, branched polymers, linear molecules and polymers, and three-dimensional (3D) thermosetting resin networks. Bottom right: The use of synergistic building blocks is another way to construct integrated artificial nacre. The other building blocks could be two 2D nanosheets, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), or 1D nanofibers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC). We expect that a breakthrough in graphene-based artificial nacre will be developed through a combination of the synergistic effects of interfacial interactions and building blocks. (© ACS) In new research, reported in a article ("Learning from Nature: Constructing Integrated Graphene-Based Artificial Nacre"), scientists from the Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technolog in Beijing, have demonstrated an integrated graphene-based artificial nacre with isotropic mechanical and electrical properties due to graphene's intrinsic 2D structure, which is superior to nanofiber-reinforced composites. The researchers anticipate near-term breakthroughs in graphene-based artificial nacre for the development of promising applications in many fields, such as aerospace, flexible supercapacitor electrodes, artificial muscles, and tissue engineering. Integrated graphene-based artificial nacre may also be a potential platformfor the design and construction of robust intelligent devices, such as actuators, artificial muscles, and sensors.
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